（１）閱讀

（一）我自己做閱讀題的時候是按以下步驟的,大家合用就用：

1）當然是先把題目過一遍。問答、選擇、TFNG、填空、補充半截句子，這些題目我都先看，劃一下標誌詞，把問題在腦子裡盡量留個印象（比如看看人名、地名、專有名詞術語等在文章中容易找到的詞）。總的目的是看原文的時侯容易想起來這裡有題。但段意配對題我就不仔細看了，因為這類題是不需要在文章裡定位的，反正段段都要看懂大意。

2）看文章。如果你閱讀能力不錯，想拿7.5以上的分數，就不要光顧找題目出處，而忽視把握每段的整體。我一般還是把文章從頭到尾地看，但明顯沒有題目的地方（如某些例子、數據等）就一帶而過了。每段話的大意還是要懂，有部分的TFNG或選擇題（尤其是最近幾次的題目）都要求對一段文章有個總體的理解。如果你基礎弱些，那就拿著題目直接掃描文章（除非有段意配對題），這樣做起來快。細節題可以做出不少，有關主旨的題目就只好蒙一蒙了。

3）我是每看一段文章，理解了意思後就做和這一段話有關的所有題目，免得時間長了忘掉。除段意配對外，雅思每一類題- 選擇、TFNG、填空等- 好像都是按文章裡的出現順序出的，所以還不太難找。

4）從第一篇文章開始就要爭分奪秒。我有時候做簡單題目也猶豫，總怕錯了，佔用了寶貴的時間，結果後面做不完。其實有些題目就算做得慢也是枉然，該對的還是對、該錯的仍舊錯。不過做完模擬重新研究的時候就要認真仔細分析不懂的地方了。

5）TFNG是很難，我也說不清怎麼思考才能做對。反正邏輯思維很重要，頭腦要很清晰。唯一的方法就是把做過的所有題目都弄清楚為什麼。體會英國人的思維，下結論都要有出處和“充分”的證據。必須理解“充分”的含義，不然會被有些題目害。例如，文章裡說，房屋在地震中倒塌的其中一個原因是地下水被抽乾，結果地質不穩，本來堅固的建築也會塌。然後題目說：地下水是導致地震中房屋倒塌的原因之一。這就是False了。地下水的存在本身是無害的，“地下水被抽乾”才是充分原因。

6）段意配對題最好做做記號，把已選過的項劃掉，免得眼花。除非題目說每一項都可能選兩次。看清題目要求。

配對時要是出現兩個選項都差不多的情況，要告訴自己，其中一個“肯定”在某一點上有不妥。有時候換個角度思考一下，就會很容易發現其中一個選項確實有點片面。

（二）和聽力一樣，做對題目有八九成是靠實力的。以上技巧可能也許能讓你多做對三題，那就已經阿彌陀佛了。

做不對雅思題的原因很多：詞彙量、閱讀速度、複雜句型、邏輯能力、狀態都可能成為障礙。每個人得自己分析自己欠缺的方面然後加強。單詞量在五千以下的我覺得都要背背。每次做題碰到的當時看不懂的陌生句型事後都要隔幾天看一遍，不復習以後仍然要錯。

雅思考試注重的是速讀理解。我覺得快速閱讀水平的一個重要方面是，把剛讀過的文字在頭腦中形成概念的能力。水平不夠好的人讀完一句話也形不成概念，要反复再看，看懂了也記不住。水平高的人讀完一句話馬上就能把它變成意思然後放在腦子裡並歸類（屬於背景引入，屬於加強性說理、屬於解釋、例證、還是屬於觀點轉折），無非如此，歸類以後文章的意思就容易記憶了。千變萬化的表達經過大腦處理都會轉化成一樣東西：作者的意圖是要告訴大家甚麼，是以什麼方式告訴的？

所以速讀能力不好的人應該做些基本訓練：隨便找一些難度相當的議論文（報紙、雜誌、網上），每一段都快快地讀，每讀完一段問問自己作者寫這一段意圖是什麼？或者慢慢地讀，每看完一句話就想想這句話和以前的話是什麼關係？在雅思閱讀裡，需要很快了解前後文的關係和作者的意圖，在此基礎上才能作出取捨略過不重要的部分，記住觀點並順利理解後面的文章。

提高閱讀能力的過程可能會比其他三部分都長，但相信每一點付出都會有收穫，培養出了上面提到的這種閱讀能力對大家應付國外學習作用必定會很大。

To Rongwei:

我提前一個月開始復習。一共做了九套閱讀（大部分是Cambridge IELTS 1&2)，十套聽力（黑眼睛和Cambridge），按胡敏編的雅思高分作文寫了大小作文各八九篇，口語就基本上在上下班路上和洗澡的時候自己對自己說topics，每個話題說兩三遍，第一遍說不好第二遍修改。

閱讀和聽力我每次做完都把錯的地方仔細研究，歸歸類，想想下次如何避免類似的錯誤（當然有時是很難避免的）。每個星期統計一下哪類錯誤比較頻繁，下次做尤其註意。每個人情況都不同，我覺得要注意的地方可能並不是你的問題所在，所以要自己多總結。每次做題前我都要想想近幾次常犯的毛病，希望這次不再犯。做Cambridge的閱讀我錯3到6題，聽力錯4到6題（其中有一些是少寫了a,複數之類）。

對小作文的要求我不是很高，主要是速度要快，別礙著大作文的事。小作文我柱圖曲線圖寫得多些，其他圖各寫了一兩篇。主要把數據橫向縱向比較、描述趨勢、排位等的句型記了記，簡易開頭結尾也背了些。寫的時候有些自我感覺不完美也算了，時間要緊。

大作文則注意每段話之間的關聯要順理成章，並且緊扣題目的問題。每段話中所有內容都圍繞一個中心意思說，先說大意再具體解釋。至於寫通順句子的能力就依賴平時積累的工夫了，看到好的表達法就記下來。

沒有把握就不用大詞，意思易懂邏輯清晰的文章，即使句式很簡單也比令人費解句式漂亮的文章要好，何況很多人的複雜句寫得併不漂亮。

建議更好的譯法

It is right that college graduates earn higher salaries than the less well-educated in the community. But they should also pay the full cost of their study. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Some conclude that college students should bear Idontknowl expenses for their higher learning on the generalization that college graduates usually receive higher salaries for similar jobs than those without a college degree. We can not deny that higher level of education, indeed, do associate with better income . Still, build on such fact alone, the conclusion remains questionable when more aspects are taken into consideration.

The whole argument in question rests on an assumption that it is always the case that people with higher education make more money than those less well-educated. But salary or income is, in most cases, based on contributions made by employees to companies or organizations in which they are employed. Statistics in the labor market indicate that people with professional training tend to find jobs easier than college graduates do and that blue-collar workers who do not hold college degrees are becoming the hotties in the labor market. Employers prefer to hire and pay more to highly skilled and specially trained people rather than fresh college graduates. In the auto industry, for instance, skilled technicians make two or three times more than their college educated counterparts who make the average salaries in other companies. And it is widely accepted that people’s income is determined more by talent, hard work, and willingness to take risks than solely by certain qualifications such as college education. Otherwise, the unemployment rate of college graduates would not be increasing every year and the rule of supply and demand will lose much of power in controlling the labor market. Admittedly in some knowledge extensive field such as research, teaching, and practice of law the labor force are primarily consists of highly educated professionals. But such people make up only a fraction of the labor market and are thus unrepresentative of the whole employment in general.

Considering the goal of education, we find that it is even more problematic for the country to throw all the responsibility of financing college education to college students. The goal of higher education of a nation is to improve and strengthen the general level of intellectual and professional capacity of its labor force, thereby increasing the competency of the nation in the global economy. As tax payers, parents all contributes to the education system and country in various ways. It is only reasonable and necessary that the country gives some forms of financially assistance to students to ease the burden of rising education costs. Such help should go to not only students from needy or impoverished families but also outstanding students from affluent backgrounds. Doing so can significantly boost the motivation of children from millions of families to engage in higher level of study. It is understandable that the general quality of people in a country will improve and its economy will benefit both now and in years to follow.

If the burden of supporting children’s higher education is dumped on parents and students, thousands of brilliant students will be deprived of chances to pursue their academic inspiration. Among those who suffer would definitely be future great scientists, business managers, artists and statesmen. The loss will be disastrous and irreversible.

In conclusion, the idea that students should also pay the full cost of their study is wrong and harmful because it is wrong to assume that higher education necessarily equalize high income. Moreover, it is in the best interest of a nation to take responsibility in financing college education so that the goal of higher education will be better met.

我邊工作邊複習了一個月。不過各位有條件還是準備兩個月以上好。

聽力

聽力我用的資料是北語的6套模擬題，CAMBRIDGE IELTS 1—3模擬題。做北語的模擬錯5到10題，做劍橋的錯4到6題。北語的部分題目比較怪異，個別題目完全沒可能做對，大家練練可以，不必拿它來檢驗自己的水平。劍橋的題目和真題很接近，一定要做。

想來想去，以下幾點可能對各位有用。

1）不回頭。和托福聽力一樣，對前面沒聽清的地方耿耿於懷是要付出代價的。別指望每題都答對，能發揮出平時的水平就謝天謝地了。

2）瀏覽題目。事先瀏覽題乾時別光走過場地拿眼睛掃掃了事，而要理解題目意思，想像一下說話人的身份和對話的’目的’。要是時間有多還可以試猜猜：答案可能會是什麼樣的？這會加深對題目的印象，聽時不容易漏掉。

如果題幹很抽象，記不住，那就拿筆在關鍵詞下劃線，邊聽邊答的時候方便理解。

3）一刻也不能閒著。就算說話人很羅嗦，要聽的答案還老遠沒到，也不能閒著沒事幹。留意並排的兩三個空，敵人很狡猾，有可能先說後邊的空再說前面的空，或著一口氣把兩個答案全說完。另外，說話人羅嗦的時候你也不要被動地等答案，要主動去跟說話的內容，沒準答案會提前出來。

如果很明顯這一段落的答案都已經出來，帶子裡還在講廢話，趕緊瀏覽下一部分題目。前面太舒服後面是要後悔的。

4）漏聽。開頭我做模擬題，一旦發現聽漏了幾題，馬上急了，慌忙邊聽邊找，既聽不清講什麼，也不知說到哪題。後來有類似情況，我乾脆先不看試卷，一心一意地聽磁帶，直到跟上意思。意思跟穩了，再回到卷子上找題目也會很快。雖然犧牲了幾題，但不這樣的話損失更慘重。另外，情緒千萬別受影響，題目難，記分標準也會降低的。

5）速記。平時練習時就養成先縮寫的習慣。數字都用阿拉伯，英鎊都用小提琴，美金都用$，考試也一樣。長單詞就先記下前幾個字母。寫太長可能會耽誤下一題。

6）作記號。反正試卷是可以隨便畫的，自己發明一些作記號的法。 7月21日聽力有一題選擇題，大概像下面這樣(不一定完全相同）：

What are the transportation tools used in the park?

A)tram, bus, train B)bike, walk, motorcycle

C)tram, bike, walk D)taxi, tram, solar car

這四個選項太接近，互相又有交叉，說話人又不是一口氣把所有交通工具都說出來，聽著聽著就暈了，不記得說了哪幾種了。這時候只要想起來作些記號就沒問題。例如，說一個鉤一個。我當時鉤了A中的tram, B中的walk和C中的bike，最後一綜合，選C。作記號的情況千差萬別，必須自己創造，最終目的是方便記憶。一般是列出一堆名詞要你選的題目最需要作記號。

7）填圖題。瀏覽地圖時先把要填的那個地點周圍的物體熟悉一下，甚至把附近街道和建築的名稱在心裡念一遍，有利於聽到的時候作出反應。剩下要做的就是聽好出發的地點，並隨時留一隻眼睛盯著下一個空。

8）每做新的模擬之前，都在心裡把前幾次忽視的技巧和因此而做錯的題目過一遍。好的做題習慣要在平時養成。

以上是一部分的做題註意事項。但如果聽力基礎很差，就算用盡所有技巧，分數也可能不理想。這部分同志只能慢慢來。我的建議是把新概念或雅思聽力題（看個人情況）拿來一句句跟讀，直到不看原文可以跟下來。每天一個小時，一個月後再開始做題。跟讀無論對口語還是聽力都有很大幫助。

對於基礎好想拿高分的人來說，熟悉題型，平時養成正確的做題習慣最重要。

無憂雅思&北京語言大學

◇ 語言學習是一個日積月累的過程，在這個漫長的過程中，只有量變，沒有質變。換言之，沒有奇蹟會發生。所有時髦的學習方法都有商業成分參雜其中，那些受到狂熱吹捧的某某方法的鼓吹者更是和騙子沒有什麼區別，因為沒有哪種方法可以大幅提高學習效果。

◇ 以閱讀速度為例：相信一定有無數的英語學習者有閱讀速度慢的問題。有什麼辦法可以提高閱讀速度嗎？要想有可靠的答案，首先要分析影響閱讀速度的原因。較明顯的原因包括：詞彙量不夠；語法基本功不夠；基本的閱讀量不夠；文中的內容在專業傾向、文化背景等方面不為讀者所熟悉；閱讀時的心態（是在緊張地考試還是在茶餘飯後消遣）等等。既然這麼多不同的因素都在不同程度地影響著閱讀速度，也自然在影響著閱讀理解的正確率，那麼除了“read more”之外還會有別的什麼更有效的提高閱讀速度或閱讀理解的方法嗎？

◇ 再以寫作為例。所有的人在用外語表達自己的思想時都會碰到很多用現有的語法、詞彙知識難以表達自己思想的時候，在這種情形下，很多人會自覺或不自覺地依賴母語的語法。比如“他沒來開會使我很生氣”是個正確的漢語句子，而He did not come to the meeting makes me angry 則是個不折不扣的病句，是受漢語詞序影響的結果。這樣的句子在中國學生的作文中比比皆是，但對此類錯誤的講解卻極少見於各種寫作教材中。再如，在用英文表達“戒菸的人越來越多”時，People who give up smoking become more and more 是一個常見的譯法。這句話雖然在詞序上也出自漢語的詞序，但卻沒有語法錯誤，可是一點都不“地道”。 The number of people who have quit smoking is increasing 或There are more and more people giving up smoking 或There is an increasing number of people who gave up smoking 或More and more people quit smoking 才是好句子。

◇ 大多數雅思寫作教材都無一例外地提供了很多範文，這些範文大多是教材作者自己的作品，可謂盡善盡美。但是大多數學生的水平距這些範文太遠。學生會背一些套路和典型的行文格式，但文章的主體還得考自己的實力。如一封寫得很爛的推薦信以If you need further information about him, please do not hesitate to contact me 結尾，難免給人“鮮花插在臭糞上”的感覺。

6萬中國學子在英求學，他們近況如何？越來越多的中國學生赴英留學又給英國帶來什麼？近日英國駐華大使韓奎發爵士趁中國經濟高峰會議在北京人民大會堂舉行期間，欣然接受了《晨報留學》的專訪。

留英簽證程序便捷

韓奎發大使告訴記者，2003年前10個月進入英國的中國學生人數比上年增加了38%以上，這一增長勢頭一直持續到現在，而目前在英國的中國留學生總數已超過6萬人，大使館方面預計2004年赴英留學的中國學生人數還會大幅增加。

是什麼原因持續吸引眾多中國學生赴英留學的呢？中國學生赴英簽證通過率提高是主要因素之一。韓奎發大使表示，雖然他目前尚未得到最新的統計數據，但有關留學簽證的申請程序已經得到進一步的簡化。

據悉，英國大使館已經就中國學生申請留學簽證的程序制定了一套新的辦法，新辦法將在申請人遞交留學簽證申請的當天即告知是否獲得簽發。從本月6 日起，所有交入使館的學生簽證申請在星期一至星期四的上午9點至11點遞交，簽證處就所遞交的材料分析申請，並在下午3點告知申請人的簽證是否被簽發或拒簽，或者根據情況安排面談。總的來說，獲得英國簽證的過程比較簡潔。

英要爭1/4高教市場

在談到中國學生留學英國的現狀時，韓奎發大使表示他個人覺得非常高興和滿意，他說，中國經濟的高速發展也給越來越多的學生創造了出國留學的機會，很高興，他們中的一部分人選擇了英國。

英國也十分重視在英留學的中國學生，據介紹，英國方面近期為中國學生專門開設了正在或曾經留學英國的中國學生校友錄網站，幫助中國學生在回國後保持緊密聯繫，互相交流留學心得和發展機會。

早在1999年，首相布萊爾就提出，希望英國的教育產業能在2005年奪得全球高等教育四分之一的市場份額，中國學生已成為英國留學生核心群體，英國對中國留學市場的重視程度也由此可見一斑。

應試原則：

一、LISTENING：

1.(5-6分)：反复聽，模仿，換角度欣賞—口語材料，注意音標，邊聽邊寫 ;

2.(7分) ：用研究的眼光：(1)從口語的角度研究，在聽的時候，作下觀察筆記–就地點、人物、話題、用了什麼樣的詞彙、使用了什麼樣的句子；(2)對話的考點和題眼。

3.(8分) ：IELTS 聽力理解(10套題)及初級，中級聽力教材

二、READING

1.詞彙：突破記憶(7000詞彙左右)滾動式記憶法：每天只記憶固定的半個小時，反复記憶很多次(7次為佳)，第二天，首先回憶一次前一天記的，每週最後一天，不記新單詞，只需重複會議一個星期記過的所有單詞。鞏固加深印象。

2.複雜句子結構：(一般2遍仍看不懂的，為複雜句子，歸納有40–200個複雜句)***語法–非謂語動詞，不定式，vn,v-ing,vp )–複合句(各類從句)建議參考張道真和薄冰的語法書

三、WRITING：考察書面英語的表達能力，有兩大誤區： (1)ideas ,ideas ,ideas (2)用簡單的詞彙和句子結構寫文章

1.英漢對比：

(1)以句子為單位： 英文句子“化零為整”—像一棵大樹中文句子“化整為零”—像竹節

(2)英譯漢—破句重組(忠告：切勿死記硬背文章，無較大收益)

2.英語寫作究竟考什麼？

(1)詞彙：vocabulary range/wide 寬度vocabulary difficult 難度

(2)句子結構： accuracy 精確性complex 複雜性建議： (一般TASK1 不要寫3個複雜句，TASK2需要寫5-7個複雜句)

3.學習方法：下面介紹一種，本人一直用於學習英語文章並行之有效的方法給大家

學習從八個層次學習每一篇文章：

a.同義表達；

b.詞夥關係：能夠意想到的詞類搭配

聯想記憶法去remeber vocabulary

c.短語詞組；

d.慣用句型；

e.句子開端，應變化多樣；

f.複雜句子；

g.銜接手段：直接用first, second,finally 等來銜接的，是水平較低的表現，應用語言的魅力來讓別人一目了然你的段落層次感。

h.篇章結構。

建議，仔細用上述方法，研究IELTS寫作的20篇範文。

四、SPEAKING： 分三個階段，也是現實生活中的三種技能學會如何去應用這種語言交流？

1.人員之間的交往：策略：變換第一階段的ANSWER，別太常用，應與眾不同。

2.單獨展示自己的個人魅力：策略：可以用那允許的1 MIN 寫幾個簡單的提示(中英文皆可)；概念要完整，條理要清晰；讓考官對你講的東西感興趣(屬於構思技巧)；語速應該適中，貫穿始終，勿TOO SLOW—會被認為是真實水平的體現，也勿TOO FAST—會有背誦嫌疑。

3.說自己的見解、觀點、態度、認為：( 4-5 MIN ) 這一階段，一般是由第二階段引申的問題，較有深度。策略：切勿兩手抓，應透徹講解一點，或說很多點論據，以充分證明自己的觀點。建議：參考〈聽說並進〉、〈高分作文〉，以吸收觀點和思想。

最後的建議：入場前，不要攜帶任何一本有關材料，結束後，不要與任何人交頭接耳。記住，言多必失！不要給人以背誦的感覺！

eight – number between 7 and 9, 八

ate – past tense of eat, 吃的過去式

bear – a big, hairy animal

bear – to be able to withstand something

bare – exposed

bred – past tense of breed 繁殖的過去式

bread – a type of food 麵包

be – is 主動詞 be

bee – an insect 蜜蜂

caught – past tense of catch 抓的過去式

cot – a portable bed that folds for storage 輕便小床

fan – a device for moving air 風扇

fan – short for fanatic 狂熱，愛好者

groan – noise made in misery 呻吟

grown – fully mature 長大的

hart- 雄鹿

heart – energetic or enthusiastic 心臟

herd – a group of animals 牧群

heard – past tense of hear 聽的過去式

I – me, myself 我

eye – body part we see with 眼睛

made – past tense of make 做的過去式

maid – a lady that cleans home or hotels for a living 女傭

no – opposite of yes 不

know – be aware of something 知道

roes – plural of roe = an argument 雌鹿的過去式

rows – plural of row = a row (line, queue) of vegetables planted in a farmer’s field, a row of seats in a theatre 行，排

rows – present tense of row, as in rowing a boat (propelling a boat through the water with a paddle) 划船的現在式

rose – a beautiful flower that grows on a thorny stem 玫瑰

wring – twist 絞，扭

ring – noise a bell makes 敲鐘，打電話

scent – smell 氣味

sent – past tense of send 郵寄的過去式

see – to view something

sea – large body of salt water

threw – past tense of throw

through – finished or completed, also, to give direction (Go through the tunnel)

tail – cats and dogs have them 尾巴

tale – a story 故事

there

they’re

their

week – 7 days

weak – not strong

worn – well used 用舊的，疲倦的

warn – to give notice of potential danger 警告

wood – what we get from trees

would – past tense of will

wore – past tense of wear 穿的過去式

war – what we call it when two countries’ armies are fighting

one – a single unit

won – past tense of win

Your boss has a bigger vocabulary than you have.

That’s one good reason why he’s your boss.

This discovery has been made in the word laboratories of the world. Not by theoretical English professors, but by practical, hard-headed scholars who have been searching for the secrets of success.

After a host of experiments and years of testing they have found out:

That if your vocabulary is limited your chances of success are limited.

That one of the easiest and quickest ways to get ahead is by consciously building up your knowledge of words.

That the vocabularyl of the average person almost stops growing by the middle twenties.

And that from then on it is necessary to have an intelligent plan if progress is to be made. No haphazard hit-or-miss methods will do.

It has long since been satisfactorily established that a high executive does not have a large vocabulary merely because of the opportunities of his position. That would be putting the cart before the horse. Quite the reverse is true. His skill in words was a tremendous help in getting him his job.

Dr.Johnson O’;Connor of thee Human Engineering Laboratory of Boston and of the Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, New Jersey, gave a vocabulary test to 100 young men who were studying to be industrial executives.

Five years later those who had passed in the upper ten percent all., without exception, had executive positions, while not a single young man of the lower twenty-five per cent had become an executive.

You see, there are certain factors in success that can be measured as scientifically as the contents of a test-tube, and it has been discovered that the most common characteristic of outstanding success is “an extensive knowledge of the exact meaning of English words” .

The extent of your vocabulary indicates the degree of your intelligence. Your brain power will increase as you learn to know more words. Here’s the proof.

Two classes in a high school were selected for an experiment. Their ages and their environment were the same. Each class represented an identical cross-section of the community. One, the control class, took the normal courses. The other class was given special vocabulary training. At the end of the period the marks of the latter class surpassed those of the control group, not only in English, but in every subject, including mathematics and the sciences.

Similarly it has been found by Professor Lewis M.Terman, of Stanford University, that a vocabulary test is as accurate a measure of intelligence as any three units of the standard and accepted Stanford-Binet IQtests.

The study of words is not merely something that has to do with literature. Words are your tools of thought. You can’t even think at all without them. Try it. If you are planning to go down town this afternoon you will find that you are saying to yourself:”I think I will go down town this afternoon.” You can’t make such a simple decision as this without using words.

Without words you could make no decisions and from no judgments whatsoever. A pianist may have the most beautiful tunes in his head, but if he had only five keys on his piano he would never get more than a fraction of these tunes out.

Your words are your keys for your thoughts. And the more words you have at your command the deeper, clearer and more accurate will be your thinking.

A command of English will not only improve the. processes of your mind. It will give you assurance; build your self-confidence; lend color to your personality; increase your popularity. Your words are your personality. Your vocabulary is you.

Your words are all that we, your friends, have to know and judge you by. You have no other medium for telling us your thoughts-for convincing us, persuading us, giving us orders.

Words have changed the direction of history. Words van also change the direction of your life. They have often raised a man from mediocrity to success.

If you consciously increase your vocabulary you will unconsciously raise yourself to a more important station in life, and the new and higher position you have won will, in turn, give you a better opportunity for further enriching your vocabulary. It is a beautiful and successful cycle.

雅思圖表寫作套句精選

1.the table shows the changes in the number of…over the period from…to…

該表格描述了在…年之…年間…數量的變化。

2.the bar chart illustrates that…

該柱狀圖展示了…

3.the graph provides some interesting data regarding…

該圖為我們提供了有關…有趣數據。

4.the diagram shows (that)…

該圖向我們展示了…

5.the pie graph depicts (that)….

該圓形圖揭示了…

6.this is a cure graph which describes the trend of…

這個曲線圖描述了…的趨勢。

7.the figures/statistics show (that)…

數據（字）表明…

8.the tree diagram reveals how…

該樹型圖向我們揭示瞭如何…

9.the data/statistics show (that)…

該數據（字）可以這樣理解…

10.the data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that…

這些數據資料令我們得出結論…

11.as is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table…

如圖所示…

12.according to the chart/figures…

根據這些表（數字）…

13.as is shown in the table…

如表格所示…

14.as can be seen from the diagram,great changes have taken place in…

從圖中可以看出，…發生了巨大變化。

15.from the table/chart/diagram/figure,we can see clearly that…or it is clear/apparent from the chart that…

從圖表我們可以很清楚（明顯）看到…

16.this is a graph which illustrates…

這個圖表向我們展示了…

17.this table shows the changing proportion of a & b from…to…

該表格描述了…年到…年間a與b的比例關係。

18.the graph,presented in a pie chart, shows the general trend in…

該圖以圓形圖形式描述了…總的趨勢。

19.this is a column chart showing…

這是個柱型圖，描述了…

20.as can be seen from the graph,the two curves show the flutuation of…

如圖所示，兩條曲線描述了…的波動情況。

21.over the period from…to…the…remained level.

在…至…期間，…基本不變。

22.in the year between…and…

在…年到…期間…

23.in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998…

1995年至1998三年裡…

24.from then on/from this time onwards…

從那時起…

25.the number of…remained steady/stable from (month/year) to (month/year).

…月(年)至…月（年)…的數量基本不變。

26.the number sharply went up to…

數字急劇上升至…

27.the percentage of…stayed the same between…and…

…至…期間…的比率維持不變。

28.the figures peaked at…in(month/year)

…的數目在…月（年）達到頂點，為…

29.the percentage remained steady at…

比率維持在…

30.the percentage of…is sightly larger/smaller than that of…

…的比例比…的比例略高（低）。

31.there is not a great deal of difference between…and…

…與…的區別不大。

32.the graphs show a threefold increase in the number of…

該圖表表明…的數目增長了三倍。

33….decreased year by year while…increased steadily.

…逐年減少，而…逐步上升。

34.the situation reached a peak(a high point at) of[%].

…的情況（局勢）到達頂（高）點，為…百分點。

35.the figures/situation bottomed out in…

數字（情況）在…達到底部。

36.the figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough.

數字（情況）達到底部（低谷）。

37.a is …times as much/many as b.

a是b的…倍。

38.a increased by…

a增長了…

39.a increased to…

a增長到…

40.high/low/great/small/ percentage.

比低高（低）

41.there is an upward trend in the number of…

…數字呈上升趨勢。

42.a considerable increase/decrease occurred from…to…

…到…發生急劇上升。

43.from…to…the rate of decrease slow down.

從…到…，下降速率減慢。

44.from this year on，there was a gradual declinel reduction in the…,reaching a figure of…

從這年起，…逐漸下降至…

45.be similar to…

與…相似

46.be the same as…

與…相同

47.there are a lot similarities/differences between…and…

…與…之間有許多相似（不同）之處

48.a has something in common with b

a於b有共同之處。

49.the difference between a and b lies in…

a與b之間的差別在於…

50…(year)witnessed/saw a sharp rise in…

…年…急劇上升。

IELTS的閱讀部分有大量句型結構複雜、難以理解和把握的複雜句或難句。一般來說，這些句子有以下特點：

一、句子冗長，大多數句子由20個以上單詞組成，很多句子超過40個單詞

二、結構複雜，頻繁使用並列複合句、多重複合句等複雜句式

三、大多是閱讀考試的出題點，在閱讀試題中常常有所涉及

我們可以從簡單句開始分析語法

簡單句

對於難度較大的簡單句，閱讀的基本方法是確定句子的主、謂、賓，找出句子的主幹，忽略其他的成分，將長句變成短句，將句型結構複雜的句子變成句型結構簡單的句子。

例 1：It involves probing for deeply rooted concerns, devising creative solutions, and making trade-offs and compromises where interest are opposed.

分 析：句子的主語是it, 謂語是involves,三個動名詞短語probing for deeply rooted concerns、devising creative solutions和making trade-offs and compromises作賓語。意思是說：它涉及了探究深層次的關注、想出更有創意的解決方案以及當利益發生衝突的時候，做出交易和妥協。

例 2：Automated techniques to measure these characteristics and verify a person’s identity infallibly are attracting widespread attention in these days of increased use of credit cards and e-mail.

分析：該句主語是automated techniques, 謂語是attract,賓語是attention, in these days of increased use of credit cards and e-mail在句子裡起時間狀語的作用。意思是說：在信用卡和電子郵件越來越多地被使用的今天，用來測量這些特性和確認人的身份的自動技術吸引了廣泛的關注。

並列句

如果句子包含兩個或更多互不依從的主謂結構，就是並列句。並列句中的分句通常用一個並列連詞來連接，最常見的並列連詞有and,or 和but。最簡單的方法就是將句子從並列連詞處斷開，將並列句變成兩個或若干個相對短的句子，然後再用處理簡單句的方法——抓句子主幹，來依次處理每個相對短的句子。

例：Government has encouraged waste paper collecton and sorting schemes and at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater utilization of used fibre.

分析：這個複合句可以從and處將句子分成兩個相對較短的句子：and前面是一個簡單句;and後面的句子有一個由that引導的定語從句，充當new recycling technologies的定語。意思是：政府鼓勵了廢紙的回收和分類計劃，同時造紙工業也通過開發新的回收技術作出了反應，這個回收技術為更大程度地利用已經使用過的纖維鋪平了道路。

插入語結構

插入語一般是對句子的某個成分的解釋或補充說明，前後有逗號與其他句子成分分開，比較容易識別。處理插入語的基本辦法是先略去不讀，直接跳過兩個逗號之間的內容，使插入語結構前後意思順暢。

例 句1:To casual observers, as well as to influential natural scientists and regional planners, the luxuriant forests of Amazonia seem ageless.

分析：該句中，as well as to influential natural scientists and regional planners充當插入語，閱讀句子時，可以先忽略這部分。意思是說：對不經意看到的人和有影響力的自然科學家、區域規劃者來說，亞馬遜地區的繁茂的森林似乎是永恆的。

例 句2:Over 120 years ago, the English botanist JD Hooker, writing of Australian edible plants, suggested that many of them were ‘eatable but not worth eating’.

分析：此句中，兩個逗號之間的內容即writing of Australian edible plants, 充當插入語。意思是說：120多年前，在寫到澳大利亞可食用的植物時，英國植物學家JDHooker就指出它們當中有很多可食用的，但卻不值得食用。

倒裝結構

在英語當中，主語和謂語有兩種順序：一種和漢語一致，即主語在前；另外一種順序是謂語在主語前面，即倒裝。閱讀中一般會出現以not only等否定連詞和never,seldom rarely, hardly等否定副詞引導的倒裝句。理解倒裝句，就要把它轉換成普通語句，把倒裝語序還原為自然語序，在自然語序下理解句子。

例句1：In a dispute, not only do the interests of one party not coincide with those of the other party, but they are in conflict.

分析：該句中，not only…but also…引導了倒裝句，把其中的句子換成正常語序就是：the interests of one party do not coincide with those of the other party.整句的意思是：在一個爭論中，不僅一方的利益和另外一方不一致，而且它們是相互矛盾的。

例句2：Hardly had we arrived in Shanghai when it began to snow.

分析：此句是由hardly…when引導出了倒裝，意思是：我們一到上海天就開始下雪。

本答案只可用做熟悉如何答題，可以根據答案進行修改，切記不可原文背誦！

口語Part1範文：INTRODUCTION

1. Hello. Could you show me your identification card please?

Hello. Sure, here you are.

2. Could you tell me your full name please?

My full name is XXX. I am also called by my English name, which is XXX.

3. What shall I call you?

You could call me XXX.

4. How are you?

I am well thank you, and yourself?

5. How old are you?

I am 22 years old. In other words, I was born in 1980. On the eight of March 1980, to be exact.

6. Does your name have any special meaning? ( 5 – 6 )

Yes, my name does have some special meaning. My family name means ‘peace’, and my first name means ‘strong one’. My English name was given to me by one of my high school teachers, and it does not have any special meaning really.

6. Does your name have any special meaning? ( 7 – 8 )

I presume you are referring to my Chinese name. Yes, the English equivalent of my family name would be something like ‘peace’, and in the case of my first name it would be ‘strong one’. My English name was randomly chosen by one of my high school teachers, and it really doesn’t have any special meaning. 7. Is your name important to you? ( 5 – 6 )

No. I don’t think it can do anything for me. I believe a person has to work out his own life. I am planning to do this as well as I can.

7. Is your name important to you? ( 7 – 8 )

Not really. I am part of the new generation who do not attach too much significance to our names. Names were important to the older generation as they of the opinion that it will determine your destiny to some extent. However, I personally believe that I myself will determine my destiny irrespective of what my name is. I will do this by acquiring good qualifications and by working hard.

中國人作文得分很低的原因：不明白英漢兩種語言的差別

英語的句子是化零為整，中文是化整為零。 ——王力《中國語言評論》

英語的句子是建樓房，中文是流水記事法。

英語的句子是一顆大樹，中文的句子是竹子的節，

方法：多找些材料，合為一句。

翻譯技巧：破句重組，把意思翻譯過來，同時尊重對方的習慣。

注意：

英語是形式語言，用形式把它們聯繫起來。

英語必須有關聯詞。

在雅思考試市場中，任何作文題是考你的作文能力，而不是考你的idea。

詞彙和句子結構：

詞彙：詞彙的寬度、詞彙的難度

方法：把自己文章中可替代的詞都挑出來，一個意思寫幾次。

句子結構：精確度、複雜性

5分：被蟲咬了孔的樹幹。

6－7分：被蟲咬了孔，帶有樹枝的樹幹。

7－8分：有樹乾和樹枝，樹枝上還有綠葉（修飾詞、副詞等）。

什麼是好作文：

1、清晰的觀點

2、有分支觀點

3、詞彙和句子結構

複雜性：

Task 1：一般十句，複雜句約為3句。

Task 2：15－17句，分支觀點，點到為止，用開放式結尾，見好就收。複雜句5-7句即可。

文章若沒有復雜句，不能上7分。

作文中不能用硬記的詞語，後者只會得5分。

國外作文能力最重要，要寫很多作業和paper。

從8個方面看一篇作文：

1、同義表達

2、詞的伙伴關係

3、短語、詞組

4、慣用句型

5、句子的開頭

6、複雜句

7、銜接手段

8、從宏觀的角度看文章的結構